Patient safety

Patient safety is a serious global public health issue. In recent years, countries have increasingly recognized the importance of improving patient safety.

Estimates show that in developed countries as many as one in 10 patients is harmed while receiving hospital care. The harm can be caused by a range of errors or adverse events. In October 2004 WHO launched  the world alliance for patient safety in response to WHO Assembly  of 2002 urging WHO and members States to pay the closest possible attention to the problem on patient safety

In developing countries, the probability of patients being harmed in hospitals is higher than in industrialized nations. The risk of health care-associated infection in some developing countries is as much as 20 times higher than in developed countries.

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Pulmonary function test

Pulmonary function tests are a group of test that measure how well the lungs take in and release air and how well they move oxygen into the blood.(it is a non invasive)

In a spirometry test, you breathe into a mouthpiece that is connected to an instrument called a spirometer. The spirometer records the amount and the rate of air that you breathe in and out over a period of time.

Lung volume measurement can be done in two ways:

-The most accurate way is to sit in a sealed, clear box that looks like a telephone booth (body plethysmograph) while breathing in and out into a mouthpiece. Changes in pressure inside the box help determine the lung volume.

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Medical transducers

An Introduction to Sensors and Transducers

=The words 'sensor' and 'transducer' are both widely used in the description of measurement systems

=The word 'sensor' is derived from entire meaning 'to perceive' and 'transducer' is from transducer meaning 'to lead across'.

=A dictionary definition of 'sensor' is `a device that detects a change in a physical stimulus and turns it into a signal which can be measured or recorded;

=A corresponding definition of 'transducer' is 'a device that transfers power from one system to another in the same or in the different form'. 

=A sensible distinction is to use 'sensor' for the sensing element itself and 'transducer' for the sensing element plus any associated circuitry. 

=All transducers would thus contain a sensor and most (though not all) sensors would also be transducers. 

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Ultrasound

why medical imaging is required?



=Medical imaging  provides a pictorial status of particular organ which is to be treated   
=It makes a surgical targets more clear and precise
=It provides a pictorial status of fetus development  right from 4th weak to 36th- 38th week  
=It make therapeutic targets easy to detect and treat 


TYPES OF  MEDICAL IMAGING  WIDELY USED 

-X-RAY
-MAMOGRAPHY
-CONTRAST  RADIOGRAPHY
-ULTRA SOUND
-CT SCAN
-MRI
-SPECT(SINGLE PHOTON EMMISION TOMOGRAPHY)
-PET(POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY)

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