Showing posts with label anesthesia. Show all posts
Showing posts with label anesthesia. Show all posts
The first anesthesia (a herbal remedy) was administered in prehistory. Opium poppy capsules were collected in 4200 BC, and opium poppies were farmed in Sumeria and succeeding empires. The use of opium-like preparations in anaesthesia is recorded in the Ebers Papyrus of 1500 BC. By 1100 BC poppies were scored for opium collection in Cyprus by methods similar to those used in the present day, and simple apparatus for smoking of opium were found in a Minoan temple. Opium was not introduced to India and China until 330 BC and 600–1200 AD respectively, but these nations pioneered the use of cannabis incense and aconitum.
Thiopental
Isoflurane
Morphine, Fentanyl
Succinylcholine, Curare, Pancuronium, Metocurine
Electrocardiogram
Inspired oxygen
Blood pressure cuff
Temperature
Finger on the pulse
Delivery of oxygen
Support of intravascular volume and tissue perfusion
Therapeutic ArmamentariumThiopental, propofol
Isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane
Morphine, fentanyl, alfentanil, sufentanil, remifentanil
Succinylcholine, pancuronium, vecuronium, rocuronium, atracurium, mivacurium, doxacurium, and pipecuronium
Dexmedetomidine
Central 2 adrenergic agonist
Profound postoperative analgesia in the ICU
Profound anti-ischemic properties
Modest sedation
Rapid offset
Reversible
Demonstrated improved outcome after major surgery
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